Gramática #16 | Verbos Irregulares no Passado

📌 Introdução

Enquanto os verbos regulares adicionam -ed ao final para formar o passado (work → worked), os verbos irregulares no passado mudam completamente ou parcialmente a sua forma (go → went, have → had, see → saw). Dominar esses verbos permite construir frases no passado de forma correta, evitando erros comuns que podem comprometer a compreensão.

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✅ Definição e significado

Verbso irregulares no passado são aqueles que não seguem a regra do -ed e possuem formas próprias no passado simples. Eles são usados para:

1. Relatar ações concluídas no passado – I went to the park yesterday. → Eu fui ao parque ontem.
2. Contar experiências ou histórias – She had dinner at 7 pm. → Ela jantou às 19h.
3. Descrever mudanças de estado ou eventos específicos – He became very tired after work. → Ele ficou muito cansado depois do trabalho.

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📊 Verbos irregulares

Infinitivo	Passado simples	Particípio passado	Significado
to arise	arose	arisen	erguer, levantar
to awake	awoke	awoken	acordar, despertar
to be	was / were	been	ser, estar, ficar
to bear	bore	borne	suportar, aguentar
to beat	beat	beaten	bater, espancar, superar, vibrar, palpitar
to become	became	become	tornar-se
to begin	began	begun	começar, iniciar
to bend	bent	bent	curvar, entortar, franzir, dirigir, desistir
to bet	bet	bet	apostar
to bid	bade	bidden	oferecer, convidar, ordenar, desejar, leiloar
to bind	bound	bound	atar, amarrar, obrigar
to bite	bit	bitten	morder, engolir a isca
to bleed	bled	bled	sangrar, perder sangue;
to blow	blew	blown	soprar, assobiar, fazer soar
to break	broke	broken	quebrar, romper, violar
to breed	bred	bred	procriar, gerar, fazer criação, educar, ensinar
to bring	brought	brought	trazer, servir, causar, executar, induzir
to build	built	built	construir, edificar, fabricar
to burn	burnt	burnt	queimar, incendiar, carbonizar
to burst	burst	burst	arrebentar, explodir, brotar, exclamar
to buy	bought	bought	comprar
to cast	cast	cast	arremessar, jogar, derrubar, moldar
to catch	caught	caught	pegar, capturar, entender, adquirir
to choose	chose	chosen	escolher, selecionar, preferir
to cling	clung	clung	pegar-se, unir-se, aderir
to clothe	clothed	clothed	vestir, cobrir
to come	came	come	vir, chegar
to cost	cost	cost	custar
to creep	crept	crept	engatinhar, arrastar-se no chão, andar de rasto
to crow	crew	crowed	cacarejar
to cut	cut	cut	cortar, partir, reduzir, recortar, castrar
to deal	dealt	dealt	dar, distribuir, repartir, dividir, espalhar, negociar
to dig	dug	dug	cavar, escavar
to do	did	done	fazer
to draw	drew	drawn	desenhar, extrair, sair
to drink	drank	drunk	beber
to drive	drove	driven	dirigir, guiar
to dwell	dwelt	dwelt	residir, ficar por um tempo, enfatizar, insistir em
to eat	ate	eaten	comer
to fall	fell	fallen	cair, desaguar, abater-se, decrescer, diminuir
to feed	fed	fed	alimentar, nutrir
to feel	felt	felt	sentir, notar
to fight	fought	fought	lutar, brigar
to find	found	found	achar, encontrar
to flee	fled	fled	fugir, escapar, evitar, correr
to fling	flung	flung	lançar, arremessar
to fly	flew	flown	voar
to forbid	forbade	forbidden	proibir
to forget	forgot	forgotten	esquecer(-se)
to forgive	forgave	forgiven	perdoar
to forsake	forsook	forsaken	abandonar, desertar, largar; abrir mão de
to freeze	froze	frozen	congelar, gelar
to get	got	got	obter, conseguir
to give	gave	given	dar
to go	went	gone	ir
to grow	grew	grown	crescer, florescer, germinar
to hang	hung	hung	pendurar, suspender
to have	had	had	ter, possuir
to hear	heard	heard	ouvir, escutar, ter notícias
to heave	hove	hove	puxar
to hew	hewed	hewn	reduzir, talhar
to hide	hid	hidden	esconder(-se), ocultar
to hit	hit	hit	bater, chocar-se
to hold	held	held	segurar, agarrar
to hurt	hurt	hurt	ferir(-se), machucar
to keep	kept	kept	manter, conservar, preservar
to kneel	knelt	knelt	ajoelhar-se
to knit	knit	knit	tricotar
to know	knew	known	saber, conhecer
to lay	laid	laid	pôr, colocar, derrubar, deitar
to lead	led	led	conduzir, liderar, dirigir, comandar
to leap	leapt	leapt	saltar, pular, transportar, cobrir (os animais)
to learn	learnt	learnt	aprender, ficar sabendo
to leave	left	left	partir, deixar, sair
to lend	lent	lent	emprestar
to let	let	let	permitir, deixar
to lie	lay	lain	deitar, jazer
to light	lit	lit	acender, iluminar
to lose	lost	lost	perder
to make	made	made	fazer, criar, elaborar
to mean	meant	meant	significar, querer dizer
to meet	met	met	encontrar(-se), reunir(-se)
to partake	partook	partaken	participar
to pay	paid	paid	pagar
to put	put	put	pôr, colocar
to quit	quit	quit	desistir, abandonar
to read	read	read	ler, interpretar
to ride	rode	ridden	cavalgar, andar de bibicleta ou carro
to ring	rang	rung	soar, tocar (campainha, telefone)
to rise	rose	risen	erguer-se, levantar-se
to run	ran	run	correr, apressar-se
to saw	sawed	sawn	serrar
to say	said	said	dizer, afirmar, declarar
to see	saw	seen	ver, perceber
to seek	sought	sought	procurar, pedir, almejar
to sell	sold	sold	vender
to send	sent	sent	enviar, mandar
to set	set	set	pôr, dispor, ajustar
to sew	sewed	sewn	costurar, coser
to shake	shook	shaken	sacudir, agitar, apertar a mão (em cumprimento)
to shed	shed	shed	derramar, vazar
to shine	shone	shone	brilhar
to shoot	shot	shot	atirar, ferir com tiro
to show	showed	shown	mostrar, apresentar
to shred	shred	shred	cortar em pedaços, picar, retalhar, rasgar
to shrink	shrank	shrunk	contrair, encolher, recuar
to shut	shut	shut	fechar, cerrar; tampar
to sing	sang	sung	cantar
to sink	sank	sunk	afundar
to sit	sat	sat	sentar(-se)
to slay	slew	slain	matar, assassinar, destruir, arruinar
to sleep	slept	slept	dormir
to slide	slid	slid	escorregar, deslizar
to sling	slung	slung	atirar, arremessar
to smell	smelt	smelt	cheirar
to smite	smote	smitten	bater, espancar
to sow	sowed	sown	semear
to speak	spoke	spoken	falar
to spell	spelt	spelt	soletrar
to spend	spent	spent	gastar (dinheiro), passar (tempo)
to spill	spilt	spilt	derramar
to spin	spun	spun	girar
to spit	spat	spit	cuspir
to spoil	spoilt	spoilt	estragar, destruir
to spread	spread	spread	espalhar, estender
to spring	sprang	sprung	saltar, lançar-se, libertar-se
to stand	stood	stood	ficar ou pôr-se de pé
to steal	stole	stolen	roubar, furtar
to stick	stuck	stuck	cravar, fincar
to sting	stung	stung	picar, ferroar
to stink	stank	stunk	feder; enojar
to strew	strewed	strewn	espalhar, polvilhar, aspergir
to stride	strode	stridden	caminhar, cavalgar
to strike	struck	struck	bater, golpear
to string	strung	strung	amarrar, pendurar, enfiar, esticar
to strive	strove	striven	aspirar, tentar, esforçar-se
to swear	swore	sworn	jurar
to sweat	sweat	sweat	suar
to sweep	swept	swept	varrer
to swell	swelled	swollen	inchar (-se), crescer, encher (os pneus)
to swim	swam	swum	nadar
to swing	swung	swung	balançar
to take	took	taken	tomar, pegar, levar
to teach	taught	taught	ensinar
to tear	tore	torn	chorar, lacrimejar; rasgar, rachar
to tell	told	told	dizer, contar
to think	thought	thought	pensar, achar
to thrive	throve	thriven	ter sucesso
to throw	threw	thrown	lançar, atirar
to thrust	thrust	thrust	empurrar
to tread	trod	trodden	pisar, andar, pôr os pés
to understand	understood	understood	entender, compreender
to wake	woke	woken	acordar
to wear	wore	worn	vestir, usar, trajar
to weave	wove	woven	tecer, trançar
to weep	wept	wept	chorar
to wet	wet	wet	molhar, umedecer
to win	won	won	ganhar, vencer
to wind	wound	wound	girar, enrolar-se
to wring	wrung	wrung	torcer

Observação: Para formar o passado negativo e interrogativo, usa-se sempre o auxiliar did, seguido do verbo base.

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🔹 Formas afirmativas, negativas e interrogativas

Afirmativa

• I went to the park yesterday. → Eu fui ao parque ontem.

Negativa

• I didn’t go to the park yesterday. → Eu não fui ao parque ontem.

Interrogativa

• Did you go to the park yesterday? → Você foi ao parque ontem?

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🔹 Exemplos práticos

• She had breakfast at 8 am. → Ela tomou café da manhã às 8h.
• They saw a beautiful sunset. → Eles viram um pôr do sol lindo.
• We became very close friends. → Nós nos tornamos amigos muito próximos.
• He took the bus to work. → Ele pegou o ônibus para o trabalho.
• I didn’t see the email yesterday. → Eu não vi o e-mail ontem.

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🎯 Principais usos

1. Ações concluídas no passado – I went to the market.
2. Eventos específicos no passado – She took a vacation last summer.
3. Mudanças de estado – He became taller last year.
4. Experiências passadas – We had a great time at the party.
5. Negativas e perguntas sobre o passado – Did you see the movie? / I didn’t see the movie.

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⚠️ Erros comuns

1. ❌ I goed to the store.
   ✔️ I went to the store.
2. ❌ She didn’t saw the movie.
   ✔️ She didn’t see the movie.
3. ❌ Did you taked the bus?
   ✔️ Did you take the bus?
4. ❌ He becomed tired.
   ✔️ He became tired.

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🧠 Dicas de memorização

• Faça listas de verbos irregulares mais comuns e revise diariamente.
• Agrupe verbos com padrões semelhantes, como see → saw → seen, take → took → taken.
• Use flashcards com frases afirmativas de um lado e negativas do outro.
• Pratique escrevendo pequenas histórias usando verbos irregulares no passado.
• Grave áudios falando sobre o seu dia usando verbos irregulares.

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✏️ Exercícios de fixação (20 exercícios)

Complete com o verbo irregular no passado:

1. I ___ (go) to the park yesterday.
2. She ___ (see) a movie last night.
3. They ___ (have) breakfast at 8 am.
4. We ___ (take) the bus to school.
5. He ___ (become) very tired.
6. I ___ (do) my homework yesterday.
7. You ___ (buy) a new book.
8. She ___ (come) to the party.
9. They ___ (find) their keys.
10. We ___ (make) a cake.
11. I ___ (drink) water.
12. He ___ (write) a letter.
13. She ___ (run) fast.
14. You ___ (choose) a gift.
15. They ___ (sing) a song.
16. We ___ (sit) on the bench.
17. I ___ (read) a book.
18. He ___ (give) a present.
19. She ___ (catch) the ball.
20. They ___ (meet) new friends.

Gabarito:

1. went | 2. saw | 3. had | 4. took | 5. became | 6. did | 7. bought | 8. came | 9. found | 10. made | 11. drank | 12. wrote | 13. ran | 14. chose | 15. sang | 16. sat | 17. read | 18. gave | 19. caught | 20. met

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📌 Conclusão

Os verbos irregulares no passado são essenciais para comunicar ações, experiências e mudanças de estado no passado. Com prática constante, memorização e uso correto das formas afirmativas, negativas e interrogativas, é possível falar e escrever inglês com maior confiança e precisão, ampliando a compreensão do idioma no dia a dia.